In December 1950, a new federal agency, the Federal Civil Defense Administration, began working with state governments to implement programs designed to help citizens survive a nuclear attack. As tensions between the two countries increased, the threat of atomic warfare loomed larger. The outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 and subsequent suspicions of covert Soviet involvement in the conflict only deepened the U.S.–U.S.S.R. The Soviets’ blockade of Berlin in 1948 and their successful test of an atomic bomb in 1949 confirmed that a global superpower competition was at hand. In the years immediately following World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the two most powerful nations in the world-and as geopolitical rivals. The civil defense strategies employed in Minnesota changed significantly as the perceived military threat evolved. During the extended Cold War standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union, many Minnesotans prepared for the terrifying possibility of nuclear war by participating in a variety of civil defense efforts.
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